{"id":190,"date":"2025-11-13T14:36:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T14:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wordpress\/?p=190"},"modified":"2026-01-22T20:30:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T18:30:15","slug":"maths_rel_quant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/2025\/11\/13\/maths_rel_quant\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2-\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \\(\\textbf{\u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd}\\), \\( ( Einstein\\; Field\\; Equations)\\).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2: \\[ G_{\\mu\\nu} + \\Lambda g_{\\mu\\nu} = \\frac{8\\pi G}{c^4} T_{\\mu\\nu} \\]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd:<br \/><strong>\\( G_{\\mu \\nu} \\) &#8211; \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd \\( (Einstein\\; Tensor)\\:\\)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \\(Riemann\\) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \\(Ricci\\). \u039f\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<br \/><br \/><strong>\\( g_{\\mu\\nu} \\) &#8211; \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \\((Metric\\; Tensor)\\):<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd &#8220;\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf&#8221; \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1), \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Minkowski.<br \/><br \/>\u0397 <strong>\\( \\Lambda \\) <\/strong>\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<strong> \u039a\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac ((Cosmological Constant)):<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \\( \\Lambda = 0 \\), \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<br \/><br \/><strong>\\( T_{\\mu \\nu} \\) &#8211; \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2-\u039f\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ((Stress-Energy Tensor)):<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 &#8220;\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae&#8221; \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<br \/><br \/><strong>\\( G \\) &#8211; \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 ((Gravitational Constant)):<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0397 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1.<br \/><br \/><strong>\\( c \\) &#8211; \u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2. \u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \\( c^4 \\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \\(( T_{\\mu \\nu} )\\) \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \\(( G_{\\mu \\nu} )\\) \u2014 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<br \/><br \/><strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \\( \\mu \\) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \\( \\nu \\):<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 3 (0 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1,2,3 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 16 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> (10 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#8220;\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac).&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0397 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> <em>&#8220;\u0397 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2).<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c0.\u03c7. GPS \u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf &#8220;\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac&#8221;. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae &#8220;\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2&#8221; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf &#8220;\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf&#8221; \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \\(Schr\\ddot{o}dinger\\).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0397 \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \\(Schr\\ddot{o}dinger\\): \u0397 \u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 <strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \\(( \\Psi )\\) \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \\(Schr\\ddot{o}dinger\\) (\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf):<\/strong><br \/>\\[<br \/>i\\hbar \\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t} \\Psi(\\mathbf{r}, t) = \\hat{H} \\Psi(\\mathbf{r}, t)<br \/>\\]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\\( \\Psi(\\mathbf{r}, t) \\): \u0397 <strong>\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\\( \\hat{H} \\): \u039f <strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\\( i \\): \u0397 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \\(( i^2 = -1 )\\), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae &#8220;\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae&#8221; \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\\( \\hbar \\): \u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Planck \\((h)\\) \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \\(2\\pi\\), \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9: <strong>&#8220;\u039f \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u03a4\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf: \u03a4\u03b1 \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1):<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd &#8220;\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7&#8221;) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03a7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (Hilbert)<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7:<\/strong> \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \\( |A\\rangle \\) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \\( |B\\rangle \\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \\( \\alpha|A\\rangle + \\beta|B\\rangle \\) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &#8220;\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5&#8221; \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0397 \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b7 <strong>\u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 Schr\u00f6dinger<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7):<\/strong> \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 &#8220;\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9&#8221; \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \\( |\\Psi|^2 )\\).<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (Heisenberg):<\/strong><br \/>\\[ \\Delta x \\cdot \\Delta p \\geq \\frac{\\hbar}{2} \\]<br \/>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7) \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \\((x)\\)<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \\((p)\\)<\/strong> \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (Klein-Gordon-Dirac):<\/strong> \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \\(Schr\\ddot{o}dinger\\) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (Dirac), \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/th>\r\n<th>\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> (\u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>\u039d\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> (\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> (\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2)<\/td>\r\n<td>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03cc<\/strong> (\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 <strong>\u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \\(Schr\\ddot{o}dinger\\)<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf <strong>\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \\(\\textbf{\u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd}\\), \\( ( Einstein\\; Field\\; Equations)\\). \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2: \\[ G_{\\mu\\nu} + \\Lambda g_{\\mu\\nu} = \\frac{8\\pi G}{c^4} T_{\\mu\\nu} \\] \u0391\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/2025\/11\/13\/maths_rel_quant\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2-\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cosmology","category-maths","category-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":490,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions\/490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}