{"id":632,"date":"2026-04-02T17:02:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T14:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/?p=632"},"modified":"2026-04-06T14:06:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T11:06:56","slug":"fysica2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/2026\/04\/02\/fysica2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 20\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 (2)."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 27%, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 68% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Einstein (1915) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 &#8220;\u039b&#8221;.<br \/>\n\\[ G_{\\mu\\nu} + \\Lambda g_{\\mu\\nu} = \\frac{8\\pi G}{c^4} T_{\\mu\\nu} \\]<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-300x175.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"542\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-1024x597.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-768x448.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-1536x896.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11-1200x700.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b11.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 85vw, 542px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 95% \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u00bb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5: \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9. \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u039d\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03bf Fritz Zwicky \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Caltech (\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2).<br \/>\n\u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u0389\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<br \/>\n\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf Zwicky \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf <em>CalTech<\/em> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf Schmidt \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce \u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf Mount Wilson, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03a3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 Doppler \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf Zwicky \u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Zwicky \u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf Zwicky \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0388\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-653\" src=\"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"380\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 95% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1.<br \/>\n<strong>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u038e\u03bb\u03b7<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u0392\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN), \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 (WIMPs) \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2). \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 AMS-02, Fermi-LAT) \u03c8\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 (LHC \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf CERN) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (MOND) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<br \/>\n<strong>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u0392\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac (\u039b) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u039bCDM \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 (Planck, DES, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. DESI, eBOSS) \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf quintessence). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u039bCDM \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Euclid (ESA) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf Nancy Grace (NASA) \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<br \/>\n<em>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/em>:<br \/>\n\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9. \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5. \u0392\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7: \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u2013\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u2013 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1\u00a0<strong>XENONnT<\/strong>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u00a0<strong>Fermi-LAT<\/strong>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>1. XENONnT (XENON nTon):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0386\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (underground, liquid xenon time projection chamber).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 Gran Sasso (LNGS) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 8.5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 ~6 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2). \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. WIMP) \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 (S1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 (S2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong> \u039d\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf &#8220;nT&#8221; \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 nano-ton, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \\(10^{-47}\\) cm\u00b2 (\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf LZ). \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>2. Fermi-LAT (Fermi Large Area Telescope):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0388\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7 (\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 NASA, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 2008).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c8\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2), \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3. \u03a4\u03bf LAT \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong>\u00a0\u039d\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf LAT \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 (Galactic Center Excess) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>XENONnT:<\/strong>\u00a0\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0<em>\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce<\/em>\u00a0(\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7). \u0391\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>Fermi-LAT:<\/strong>\u00a0\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0<em>\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03be\u03c9<\/em>\u00a0(\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1) \u03bc\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u03c6\u03c9\u03c2&#8221; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/2026\/04\/02\/fysica2\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u0397 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 20\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 (2).&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":659,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maths4u.gr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}